Chapter 16

Original English Translation
致zhi虛xu極ji,
Reach the utmost emptiness,
守shou靜jing篤du。
maintain stillness steadfastly.
萬wan物wu並bing作zuo,
All things arise together;
吾wu以yi觀guan復fu。
I observe their return.
夫fu物wu芸yun芸yun,
Things are teeming—
各ge復fu歸gui其qi根gen。
each returns to its root.
歸gui根gen曰yue靜jing,
Returning to the root is called stillness;
是shi謂wei復fu命ming。
this is called returning to the mandate.
復fu命ming曰yue常chang,
Returning to the mandate is called constancy;
知zhi常chang曰yue明ming。
knowing constancy is called clarity.
不bu知zhi常chang,
Not knowing constancy,
妄wang作zuo凶xiong。
rash action brings disaster.
知zhi常chang容rong,
Knowing constancy is openness;
容rong乃nai公gong,
openness then becomes impartiality;
公gong乃nai王wang,
impartiality then becomes sovereignty;
王wang乃nai天tian,
sovereignty then becomes Heaven;
天tian乃nai道dao,
Heaven then becomes the Way;
道dao乃nai久jiu,
the Way then is enduring—
沒mei身shen不bu殆dai。
vanishing the body, no peril.

Glyph notes

致 zhi

send; cause; reach; thorough; refine

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虛 xu

empty; void; hollow; false; frail; vain

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極 ji

pole; extremity; utmost; to reach the limit; extreme

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守 shou

guard; keep; defend; observe; maintain

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靜 jing

quiet; still; calm; silence; pacify

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篤 du

sincere; earnest; steadfast; dense; severe (illness)

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萬 wan

ten thousand; myriad; countless; all; everything

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物 wu

thing; object; matter; creature; substance

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並 bing

together; side by side; simultaneous; and also

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作 zuo

make; do; create; compose; work; act

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吾 wu

I; me; my

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以 yi

by means of; use; because; so as to; in order to

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觀 guan

look; observe; view; contemplate; perspective; outlook

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復 fu

return; repeat; recover; again; restore

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夫 fu

man; husband; adult male; [particle] now; indeed; as for

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芸 yun

fragrant herb; aromatic plant; refined; fragrant

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各 ge

each; every; various; respectively

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歸 gui

return; go home; belong to; revert; surrender

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其 qi

his; her; its; their; that; the one who; such

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根 gen

root; source; basis; fundamental

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曰 yue

say; speak; call; state

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是 shi

right; correct; this; to be

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謂 wei

call; say; mean; refer to

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命 ming

life; fate; destiny; command; to order; to appoint

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常 chang

frequent; constant; ordinary; habitual; eternal

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知 zhi

know; recognize; understand; knowledge; wisdom

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明 ming

bright; clear; obvious; tomorrow; to clarify; understanding

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不 bu

not; no; un-; non=

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妄 wang

reckless; absurd; groundless; rash; presumptuous

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凶 xiong

ominous; unlucky; fierce; calamity; sinister

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容 rong

contain; accommodate; tolerate; appearance; countenance

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乃 nai

then; consequently; thus; is/be; you

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公 gong

public; fair; impartial; duke; communal

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王 wang

king; ruler; royal; to rule

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天 tian

sky; heaven; nature; fate; day

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道 dao

road; path; way; method; principle; to speak; to lead

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久 jiu

long time; long-lasting; for a long while; enduring

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沒 mei

not have; not yet; sink; vanish; submerge

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身 shen

body; self; person; torso; status

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殆 dai

danger; perilous; almost; exhausted

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