This is Gua 20 ䷓ in the Yi Jing, titled “Observing.” It is composed of ☴ Xùn Wind above ☷ Kūn Earth.

觀

guān

To observe or contemplate; appearance; a model or example.

Meaning

1. Active Observation: To survey, inspect, behold, or contemplate. This ranges from the physical scanning of a landscape to deep meditative focus on a principle or essence.

2. Appearance and Aspect: The outward manifestation or "look" of a thing; a perspective, formal display, or spectacle.

3. Exemplarity and Modeling: The process of witnessing a model in order to embody it; conversely, the state of becoming a visible example for others.

Grammar and usage

  • Transitive: Observing a specific object, phenomenon, or conduct.
  • Intransitive: The act of contemplation; looking out upon nature or the world.
  • Noun: An appearance, viewpoint, or public manifestation.

Distinctions

  • 觀 vs. 看 (kàn): 觀 is more formal, sustained, and analytical; 看 refers to general visual perception.
  • 觀 vs. 視 (shì): 視 typically implies a directed gaze or specific point of view; 觀 tends toward a broader survey or holistic contemplation.
  • 觀 vs. 察 (chá): 察 denotes surgical, investigative scrutiny; 觀 focuses on the overall pattern or manifestation.

History and forms

  • Variants: U+898C, U+89C2.
  • Associated with Hexagram ䷓ (the "Viewing" hexagram), emphasizing attentive observation that leads to transformation and public display.

Translator notes

  • Philosophical contexts: Consider "contemplation," "insight," or "meditation on the nature of things."
  • Social/Moral contexts: Determine if the term implies a moral dimension, specifically regarding beholding a model or presenting oneself as a public example.
  • Ritual/Divinatory contexts: Note the pedagogical weight; observation is often presented as a means of transformation rather than passive viewing.

Decontextualized translator aid. This page describes plausible lexical range; it does not choose what the term means in a particular passage.