重

• Physical: Heavy, weighty; mass, burden.
• Metaphorical: Severe (e.g., penalties), grave, or important.
• Social/Hierarchical: Senior, high-ranking (referring to the weight of authority or rank).
• Multiplicity: Double, repeated, "once more," or "again."
• Structural: Layered or superimposed (e.g., nested walls, double-layered clothing).

• Verbal use: To value highly, prize, esteem, or treat with respect.

• 崇 vs. 重: Use 重 for the "weight" of tradition or importance; use 崇 for spatial height or exalted status.
• Repetition types: Distinguish between repetition as a sequence (one after another) and repetition as superposition (one on top of another).

• Early usage: In archaic texts, "weight" and "doubling" were linked by the concept of accumulation; the semantic boundary was more fluid than in later periods.

// Phonetic split: Tang-period readings (//djhiong, *djhiǒng) reflect the eventual codification of these two senses into distinct words.

• In narrative contexts, "again" may imply reinforcement or increased intensity rather than simple recurrence.
• Be cautious when applying a rigid distinction between the two readings (zhòng/chóng) to very early texts where the meanings overlapped.