贅

The core sense is physical: a growth, tumor, cyst, or skin tag (superfluous flesh). This extends metaphorically to anything that acts as an obstructive addition to a whole, including rhetorical "padding" or "bloat"—words and characters that occupy space without contributing meaning. Generally, it refers to anything superfluous that exceeds proper proportion or form.

Used as a noun (a physical growth; an excess) or an adjective (superfluous; redundant). It frequently appears in compounds such as 贅言 (superfluous words/padding).

Distinguished from other terms for "excess" by the nature of the surplus:

• 餘 (yú): A neutral surplus or remainder.
• 冗 (rǒng): Redundancy characterized by tediousness, length, or protracted effort.
• 贅 (zhuì): An unwanted appendage; something "grown onto" the main body that has become obstructive.

Simplified variant: 赘 (U+8D58).

The glyph emphasizes proportion and attachment. When translating, note that an object may be functionally useful but still categorized as 贅 if it exceeds the proper limits of the form to which it is attached.