負

• Physical: To carry or shoulder a load on the back; implies effort.
• Financial: To owe (the state of owing); to suffer a loss or deficit.
• Moral and Relational: To betray (metaphorically "turning one's back"); failing an obligation, trust, or promise.
• Abstract: Bearing a responsibility, title, or reputation; to be defeated in a contest or war.

• Transitive Verb: Used for carrying an object or owing money/gratitude.
• Intransitive/Stative Verb: Used for suffering a loss or being defeated.
• Noun: Refers to the load itself or the debt.

• Contrast with 債: While both refer to debt, 負 emphasizes the state or experience of owing, whereas 債 refers more specifically to the formal or legal instrument of debt.

// Tang-period reading: //bhiou.

• Simplified variant: 负 (U+8D1F).