讁

The core meaning is the verbal identification of a fault, ranging from simple reproof to formal censure. When glossed as "punishment," it typically refers to verbal punishment (such as a formal reprimand or official condemnation) rather than physical penalty; in contexts involving physical punishment, it likely denotes the judicial finding of fault that preceded the sentence.

Primarily a transitive verb ([Subject] 讁 [Object]). The translator should consider if the usage is causative—not merely stating an error, but demanding correction as a result of that error.

Generally used downward (superior to inferior) or between peers, distinguishing it from 諫, which is specifically the act of a subordinate remonstrating with a superior. While 責 emphasizes duty, responsibility, or demands for performance, 讁 focuses specifically on the error committed. In contrast with 譴 (formal censure), 讁 often refers to the act of pointing out the specific fault (the "charge") rather than the formal sentence.

Unlike passive complaining, 讁 implies an active, corrective intent; it is a "verbal strike" aimed at rectification.