與

yǔ

and; with; to; for; give, grant

Meaning

Transfer: To give, grant, or bestow. In formal or official contexts, this often implies a top-down transfer of status, office, or title.
Engagement: To participate in, join, or take part in (e.g., rituals, conflicts, or discussions).

Grammar and usage

Comitative/Associative: "With" or "together with."
Dative: Used to mark the recipient of an action ("to" or "for").
Comparative: When paired with markers of equality—most commonly 同 (same) or 等 (equal)—it introduces the baseline for comparison (與...同/等: "the same as..." / "equal to...").

Distinctions

Associative vs. Conjunctive: A distinction exists between a simple logical conjunction ("A and B") and a marker of accompaniment, where one actor is primary and the other is an associate.

History and forms

Interchangeability: Often interchangeable with 予. Both can function as "to give," and both overlap in their use as first-person pronouns ("I/me") depending on the period and text.
Diachronic Shift: In later periods and vernacular registers, the verbal sense of "give" is frequently supplanted by 給. The continued use of 與 for this sense in later texts often indicates a formal or literary register.

Decontextualized translator aid. This page describes plausible lexical range; it does not choose what the glyph means in a particular passage.