流
liú
flow, circulate, drift; school or class
Meaning
- Physical Flow: The movement of liquid, including steady flow and dissipation. In contexts involving wealth, health, or vital essence, it often denotes leakage, drainage, or wasting away.
- Social Displacement: When applied to people, indicates drifting, vagrancy, or specifically exile and banishment.
- Intellectual Tendency: A "current" of ideas, denoting a general tendency, prevailing influence, or a formal school of thought/classification.
Grammar and usage
- Verb:
// //Intransitive:* To flow, to drift, to be exiled.
// //Transitive:* To spread, to circulate, or to allow something to leak/drain.
- Noun: A physical stream or current; an abstract school or style.
- Adjective: Floating, unstable, or lacking a fixed root.
Distinctions
- vs. 移 (shift): While 移 generally implies a deliberate move from one location to another, 流 emphasizes the passivity of the subject—being carried by a current or forced out by external pressure.
- vs. 漂 (float/drift): While both involve water, 流 focuses on momentum and direction, whereas 漂 emphasizes the state of floating on the surface.
History and forms
Fanqie reading: 力求; Tang-period reading: *liou.
Graphical notes
The phonetic component suggests an original sense of "outward emergence," informing a consistent theme of movement away from a center or source.
Translator notes
- In legal or historical texts, prioritize "exiled" over "traveling" when the glyph refers to displaced people.
- In very early texts, treat intellectual tendencies as "trends" rather than rigid categories.
Decontextualized translator aid. This page describes plausible lexical range; it does not choose what the glyph means in a particular passage.