殷

• Proper Noun: The Yīn dynasty (interchangeable with Shāng) or specifically its final capital city.
• Color: A deep, saturated red or crimson.
• Prosperity: Flourishing, opulent, or abundant.

Primarily functions as an adjective or a proper noun. It typically does not function as a transitive verb.

When denoting wealth or abundance, 殷 suggests a "thickness" or depth of richness—a state of saturation—rather than the simple quantity or possession denoted by terms such as 豐 (fēng) or 富 (fù).

To determine the correct sense, identify if the context is historical/geographic (the dynasty or capital), visual/sensory (deep red), or socio-economic (opulence and flourishing).