忿

Core meaning: Anger, fury, or exasperation. The glyph typically denotes an internal state of agitation.

• Stative Verb: To be angry; to feel vexed.
• Noun: Anger; fury; a state of exasperation.

Often interchangeable with 憤, though early texts frequently distinguish the two: 忿 tends toward raw emotion, irritation, or simmering resentment (vexation), whereas 憤 more often implies indignation—anger sparked by injustice or the frustration of being blocked from a goal.

The Tang-period reading (piə̀n piə̌n) and Fanqie indicate an Old Chinese labial initial (/p-/). This is relevant for identifying phonetic loans or analyzing rhyme schemes in early poetry.

Depending on the intensity suggested by the context, consider a range from "vexed" (low simmer) to "incensed" or "furious" (boiling point).