僕
pú
servant, slave; humble first-person pronoun "I"
Meaning
- Noun: Servant, slave, attendant, or domestic laborer (e.g., 僕役, general drudgery).
- Pronoun: A humble first-person pronoun ("I"), used by a speaker to lower their own status relative to the addressee.
Distinctions
- Contrast with 奴 (//nu//): While often interchangeable, 僕 frequently leans toward the role of a personal attendant or man-of-all-work, whereas 奴 may carry a heavier connotation of legal status as chattel.
- Contrast with 婢 (//bi//): Specifically refers to female servants or slaves.
History and forms
The glyph 仆 is frequently used interchangeably with 僕 in the sense of "servant."
Translator notes
- Pronoun Usage: Determine if the speaker is a literal servant or a high-ranking individual employing formal modesty (similar to //chen// 臣 for ministers or //qie// 妾 for women).
- Verbal Ambiguity: If the syntax suggests physical movement rather than social status, consider that the variant/homophone 仆 possesses a distinct verbal meaning—to fall over, collapse, or prostrate oneself—which 僕 does not.
Decontextualized translator aid. This page describes plausible lexical range; it does not choose what the glyph means in a particular passage.